Benefits And Benefits Of Retirement Savings - 1275 Words

he talked about her, he got choked up and had to clear his throat and took a minute before he continued the interview. I explained to him to take all the time he needed and that we can change the subject and he agreed. Mr. O talked about being financially insecure and lacking savings for retirement, which is one of the biggest challenges he faces during the aging process. Not having enough finances to pay for his daily needs is a challenge he faces frequently. Retirement usually rely on pension, social security and personal savings , but ethnic seniors rarely have a pension or personal savings and rely heavily on social security benefit alone. In the last decade, there has been a significant shift from pension benefits and towards personal savings, leaving only two incomes to rely on for retirement. (Cawthorne, 2010). Mr. O explained that even when he had the option to enroll in pension plans or other retirement savings, he was not able to because he could not afford to lose any money from his paycheck, but he wished someone had explained to him how important it was to save while he was working. He contributed most of his lack of knowledge to a language barrier , cultural change and low income. According to Dumez Derbew, â€Å"Even today, people of color remain less likely to receive pension benefits from their employers, and many people of color, particularly Latinos, are overrepresented in occupations in which worker misclassification limitsShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Saving For Retirement2600 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction You have likely read or heard about the looming retirement crisis in the U.S. The vast majority of adults age 50 and older have very little retirement savings, meaning they will be forced to either work well into old age or significantly decrease their standards of living. Luckily for us, we have time on our side to make sure we are much better prepared. The goal of this paper is twofold: (1) introduce some basic math concepts to you that are important to building wealth and (2) makeRead MoreThe First Retirement Plan Of The United States1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe first retirement plan created in the United States, is one that the majority of us are familiar, the Social Security Act, signed under law in 1935. Up until 1939, Social Security only paid retirement benefits to primary workers, which for the most part were men. Age 65 was chosen as the retirement age because individuals who survived past childhood were likely to live past 65. However, not everyone benefited from such assistance, even after age 65—agricultural and domestic workers were excludedRead MoreSocial Security and Retirement: An Uncertain Future Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesA failing Social Security Retirement program glimmers like broken glass on the horizon. Unfortunately, many people are relying on this program for their approaching retirement needs and by doing so add uncertainty within their future. Misconceptions pertaining to the program are widespread, and require further examination. Two questions may single out whether one has a false impression of the role of Social Security and retirement. First, was Social Security meant to be the only source of an individual’sRead MorePlanning For Retirement And Aging1511 Words   |  7 PagesFranzione May 7th, 2015 Planning for Retirement For many average Americans, retirement is a distressing aspect of their lives as they age. Fewer than half of Americans have calculated how much they need to save for retirement. After working for a lifetime, retirees want to know that their golden years will be just that - golden, and spending some of those years in a sub-par nursing home is sure to make the experience much more difficult to enjoy. Planning for retirement can be confusing and overwhelmingRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Retirement Security1371 Words   |  6 PagesRetirement security is a very broad term that refers to the confidence a person has in their economic resources to support them through the end of their life at a standard of living consistent to what they enjoyed prior to retirement. For most people, retirement income will come from personal savings and investments, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Social Security, defined benefit plans, and defined contribution plans (Retirementresourcesusa.com , 2016). Employers have traditionally playedRead MoreThe General View Of Retirement953 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral view of retirement in Switzerland? Demographics have changed quickly for Switzerland as its retirement population increases and estimated to continue the trend going forward. Similar to other European countries Switzerland’s retirement program is pillared, what has made the difference in this country is the diversification within each retirement component limiting the effect and avoiding global market and local economy hardships. The uncertainties still lay ahead as the retirement system adjustsRead MoreThe Rising And Current Crisis Of The United States1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two main risks that are associated with retirement. Those two issues are â€Å"The first is the possibility that the individual may have accumulated insufficient assets by the time he or she reaches retirement age. The second is the possibility that the individual may outlive the assets that he or she has accumulated (334)†. In the event that an individual has accumulated a sufficient amount of assets to provide an adequate standard of living after retirement, the risk of uncertainty concerning the lifeRead MoreWhy Should We Start Saving Early Time?904 Words   |  4 Pagesother things to pay for. Olson (2014) states, â€Å"Your 20s and 30s are the ideal years to put a savings plan in place. It will be much easier for you to free up a few dollars here and there before you have housing expenses, car payments, and children† (p. 52). Saving even a little in your 20’s allows you to take advantage of the compounding interest over a long period of time. Often times, people don’t start saving early for simple reasons. They either don’t know about it yet, they think they have plentyRead MoreFive Steps For Assessing Your Retirement Financial Readiness Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesFive Steps to Assessing Your Retirement Financial Readiness By Donald E. Schmidt | Submitted On August 15, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Donald E. Schmidt Do I have enough moneyRead MorePreparing For The Life After Retirement Plan1140 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the life after retirement is an essential strategy that guarantees monetary freedom in the latter stages of life. Therefore, it is necessary that an individual come up with an effective retirement plan to secure a comfortable future. Additionally, individuals who develop such a plan in youth will most likely generate the highest benefit when they retire. It is important to develop a strategy that will enables members of an organization to successfully plan for their retirement that may be fast

Movie Review Star Diet - 1367 Words

â€Å"30 POUNDS IN 30 DAYS!† I am so happy to welcome you to THE MOVIE STAR DIET! If you follow the methods in this book, you will soon be able to realize the body you’ve always dreamed of. You will feel healthier and more alive than you have in years. This will give you greater confidence in yourself and a vastly improved attitude towards your entire life! In the years to come you will look back on this day as one of the major turning points in your life. I have always noticed that not very many people are interested in how to lose weight SLOWLY. In fact, if it s happening slowly, it s not nearly as motivating as rapid weight-loss. (File that one under well duh.) So let s give you that jump start, you ll be much more motivated to continue! Yes, I am telling you it s entirely possible to lose 30 pounds in 30 days. I have seen it over and over again. It s not just possible, it s quite common in my experience. Quite common using the method outlined in this manual. THE MOVIE STAR DIET is the best there is! But even if you only lose 20 in that first 30 days, wouldn t it have been worth it? Even if it takes 45 days, wouldn t that still be a fantastic achievement? (I elaborate on this a bit more in the section coming up soon Why Lose Weight Quickly?) If you have read through the FREE downloadable version you already have a basic idea what THE MOVIE STAR DIET is about. But in this full version we will be elaborating on everything in much more detail, with specificShow MoreRelatedAnswer All Questions In The Activity Box Essay981 Words   |  4 Pages Answer ALL questions in the ACTIVITY box. Quotes â€Å"For instance, in Greece, burgers and pizza are supplanting the traditional Mediterranean diet of fish, olive oil and vegetables. Doctors are treating Greek children for diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure- aliments rarely seen in the pose.† â€Å"Another area of concern is fast-food packaging which causes forest destruction and creates a lot of waste.† The writer finds common ground with the reader by mentioning that she is a big fan ofRead MoreEssay on The Medias Pressure on Women to Maintain a Slender Figure1552 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain the perfect shape, eating disorders are on the rise. Then, once they enter college, the body images of women get even worse. They are on their own now and can eat whenever and whatever they desire; therefore, college girls gain weight and diet. When they gain the weight they are willing to do anything to lose it. A person’s body image can also vary depending on that person’s race. On the surface it may seem that the media is trying to work through this weight issue, but society alreadyRead MoreEating Disorders are a Mental Illness1431 Words   |  6 Pages(Parks 8). Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that makes people lose more weight than is considered healthy for their age and height. A person with this disorder may have an intense fear of weight gain, even when they are underweight. They may diet or exercise too much or use other ways to lose weight. (Parks 22). Bulimia is an illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating and feels a loss of control. The person then uses different methods, such as vomiting orRead MoreMass Media Such As Television, Newspapers, And Internet1457 Words   |  6 Pagesprimitive simplicity and ignorant state of mind (Lazitski, 2014). Media outlets draw attention away from real issues such as political decision-making and government events and instead distract the public with celebrity scandals and irrelevant reality star stories. The media is known to abuse their power when being driven by profit motivation, which means that they do not necessarily report what the people need (Graber and Dunaway, 2015). Media outlets are controlling the information that the publicRead MoreMary and Max9879 Words   |  40 Pagesto the viewing experience. Perhaps as an artistic statement it deserves more than three stars but as a movie going experience it was only a little bit better than average. The clay only gave the story more credibility, others might differ in their opinion about that, but I think if it were played by real actors it would be less believable, (saying the tale itself was based on a true story). Love this movie. I cried a much needed cry that I wasnt able to do for about a year. 28/10/2009 1:22 AMName:Read More The Show I Love Lucy Essay4240 Words   |  17 PagesMertz. After they were cast, it was discovered that both had musical and dancing talent from vaudeville, which opened doors in script-writing to incorporate these talents. The four co-stars had an innate ability to evoke laughter; behind the set a bulletin board listed the names of cast and crew with a series of gold stars next to each name. These represented the number of times funny, off-camera ad-libs were made (William Frawley always won.) On Monday, October 15, 1951, I Love Lucy made its debutRead More The Zone Diet Essay3264 Words   |  14 PagesThe Zone Diet High-protein/ low-carbohydrate diets are nothing new to Americans these days; they seem overwhelmingly to be the most popular among those people trying to lose weight. Ph.D. Dr. Barry Sears’ books on his version of the high-protein diet, the Zone Diet, are among the best selling diet books on the market. The diet seems to be yielding quick and noticeable results to those who follow Dr. Sears’ plan. Many people are desperate to lose weight and have tried numerous methods thatRead MorePorter s Five Forces Pepsi Co2703 Words   |  11 Pagesof health becoming more of an issue than it used to be when Pepsi first entered the market, they have had to adapt by creating different and healthier beverages to keep their customers happy. This, however, has made them open to more scrutiny and review among their health pursuing and more health conscious customers. Because of this, they have tried to keep their customers happy by coming out with products with less sugar and more prod ucts with organic or â€Å"natural† ingredients, and as a result, theyRead MoreAnalysis of Marketing Strategy of Coca Cola and Pepsico12414 Words   |  50 Pages At the core of the beverage industry is the carbonated soft-drink category. Soft drink holds 51% (majority of market share) of the total beverage market. Soft drink can be further divided into carbonated drinks (Coca-cola, Pepsi, Thumbs up, Diet coke, Diet Pepsi etc.) and non-carbonated drinks (Orange, Cloudy lime, Clear lime and Mango). The dominant players in soft drink market are Coca Cola and Pepsi, which own virtually all of the North American market’s most widely distributed and best-knownRead MoreMarketing Debate4263 Words   |  18 Pagesand technology. I remember in the past, when I was still a little girl, my family members and people in neighborhood would waited patiently until 6pm to watch the nice and only movie of the day â€Å"Osin† and all of us would again patiently waited for 15 minutes of TV advertisement show to watch the second session of the movie again. This seems difficult to happen nowadays. Were all in the Internet and it became the main information channel on the planet. Businesses start to use the Internet as a sales

In an era where magazines are failing, how does FHM maintain its audience Free Essays

The origins of FHM magazine date as far back to 1985 in the United Kingdom where the magazine began publication. FHM was first published under the name â€Å"For Him† and changed its title to FHM in 1994 when Emap Consumer Media bought the magazine, although the full â€Å"For Him† Magazine continues to be printed on the spine of each issue. Circulation of this magazine was expanded to newsagents quarterly by spring 1987, after the emergence of a similar magazine Loaded which was regard by them to be the blueprint for the lad’s mag genre. We will write a custom essay sample on In an era where magazines are failing, how does FHM maintain its audience? or any similar topic only for you Order Now For Him Magazine’ firmed up its approach to compete with expanding market by introducing a sports supplement. The magazine is published monthly and changed its name to FHM this being the abbreviated version of ‘For Him Magazine’ this is probably to gain the audience attention as they can print these letters bigger and bolder which a generic convention that FHM uses. It has dominated the men’s market around 1997 according to ABC magazine results where A. Crawford presented an article where she collected information on FHM magazine sales, FHM managed to overcome all other magazines and reached over 600,000 sales a month which was a 76% increase on last year which was 365,000† This shows FHM after just over 10 years have managed to overcome and compete with other magazine and are still managing to do so in the present day, this suggest that FHM is in high demand and the audience are genuinely interesting in the magazine. Also FHM began to expand internationally and now sells magazines in 26 different countries. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper FHM was sold as part of the publishing company sale, from EMAP to German company, Bauer Media Group in February 2008, which is owned by the Bauer family. This magazine in the genre of is an lad’s magazines, they look so to sell their magazine to a target audience of men the age of 18-35, predominantly males belonging to A, B and broad C socio-economic classes with an interest for everything and anything sexy, funny and relevant to a men’s lifestyle, for example hobbies, and sports. According to a Synovate Media Atlas survey, â€Å"This magazine has over 1 million readers monthly across all socio-economic classes; this figure is based on a survey carried out by Synovate Media Atlas in the 2009-2010 year. † FHM has had other successes with the e-media platform by introducing fhm. com. This website version of the magazine has bought more users in and maintaining a large audience, this proves by the mass of audience that FHM is actually selling magazines and gaining revenue. –analyse website, analyse magazine FHM makes their revenue through the cover price of the magazine which is ?3. 0 monthly and through yearly subscriptions offered to readers, and their revenue is mostly produced by the adverts within the magazine. In 2002 according to New York Business Wire, â€Å"FHM has revenue gain of an outstanding 105% over last year, in addition the magazine ends 2002 with the largest issue of the year. † Over 10 years ago FHM managed to increase their revenue through selling magazines and selling advertisement space, the adverts must have related to the audience for them to keep buying the magazine therefore keeping the audience interested in the content of the magazine. Also because of the substantial increase of revenue in 2002 this put FHM in good stead to further develop their magazine to maintain the audience. According to Audit Bureau of circulation (ABC) in Jan-Jun 2008 ‘FHM continue sales of 280,392 and remains the bestselling magazine in print, online and overseas, it outsells GQ, MAXIM and LOADED. In April 2008, FHM witnessed record levels of traffic on FHM. com culminating in an ABCe of over 2million users. FHM now numbers 31 international editions worldwide. ’ According to these figures FHM have found a way to gain money through magazine sales, also FHM have found an effective way to use their created space in their magazine and selling that space to advertisers. This will help FHM gain revenue, as advertisements are important for advertisers because they also need to get their product recognised then there will always be space filled within FHM. This can be useful for the magazine as they can choose to publish articles that match the advertisement for example an article on fitness and sport and advertisement for a new football boot may follow. This allows the Advertisement Company and FHM to work together. This means this is an effective way of earning extra money with the magazine than just sales. – Specific evidence from mag Also FHM have a e-media platform, fhm. com. This has become increasingly popular with the consumers as they can choose what they want to read and in website form can hold mass information, FHM have created this media platform so they can give exclusivity to the audience and because this platform has different features from just a magazine this will keep the audience from getting bored. FHM has also released magazines editions worldwide this will allow for diverse mass audience and will help FHM’s sales. – Why do people buy and read magazine We can analyse FHM by using the Laura Mulvey’s male gaze theory, whereby she theorised that consumers are largely masculine and that women is controlled by the male gaze. This idea is that women’s body is displayed and makes the men the voyeur. FHM uses attractive photos of women by portraying them as sexually alluring and according to this theory would make the audience experience erotic pleasure from looking at the pictures of women. This attracts the male audience using the male gaze theory. One of the reasons why FHM appeals to the audience; â€Å"Sales of early titles such as Arena and Esquire were rapidly outstripped by title’s such as Loaded and FHM, as images of the ‘new man’ were replaced by an emphasis on more ‘laddish’ forms of masculinity, associated with drinking, sport and sex. Jackson et al, 2001. This quote supports the modernism theory as FHM is saying that men are moving forward and is supporting the progression of different forms of a man’s masculinity, this suggests men are buying FHM because they are portraying a better element of a man’s masculinity than other magazines and because of this it is appealing to the male audience and the content provided has more relevance to the audience. The male audience is attracted by the idea of a masculine lifestyle is about drinking, sport and sex which FHM offers them, this attraction is one of the reasons why this magazine has had successful and maintaining sales for a sustained period of time. FHM have many articles that improve a man’s body shape by training and giving the audience different advice and tips to help them they also provide dietary tips to go alongside. This article appeals to the aspirer’s as they want to improve themselves and aspire to a better body. Search google â€Å"FHM and media theory† The User and Gratifications theory suggest that users proactively search for media that will not only meet a given need but enhance knowledge, social interaction and diversion. This theory interprets the audience for actively integrating media into their own lives. It implies that the FHM compete against other information sources for the viewer’s gratifications. Using this theory, can explain how articles FHM produce appeal to the audience, using the article mentioned before, according to this theory the audience actively takes in the article and integrates it into their lives for example articles that involve fitness work to improve themselves and articles that involve tips to improve different aspects of life. With this particular article about improving your body shape and therefore masculinity this gives knowledge to the audience and this can create diversion from their everyday life by improving themselves. This is the audience actively integrating media into their own lives and is supported by Blumler and Katz’s work whereby they studied why people use particular media, and developed the users and gratifications theory. â€Å"FHM highlights and attempts to commodify aspirational aspects of a men’s lifestyle as a way of appealing to advertisers and also simultaneously trying to speak directly to readers as an authentic voice† this magazine can be generalised by using the hypodermic needle theory as they inject and portray how a men’s lifestyle should be and explain ways of getting there. The success of FHM was dependant on how this subject was addressed, commodifying men’s gender anxieties through editorial material that provides useful advice in a witty and accessible manner, often using ironic mode of address to avoid the charge of being sad or taking things seriously. † FHM offers the audience Personal Identity, this magazine shows and portray s how a men’s lifestyle should be. The consumers will act on this information and will let this magazine shape their own lives for example â€Å"Get a body like this with this diet† this article would be aimed at reformers that would like to make their body better also the magazine would offer this article and mention that there would be a follow up article in next month’s article, this would make the consumers buy the next issue therefore increasing FHM total monthly sales and maintaining their revenue. Also this magazine will have articles on celebrities training regime this could provide the audience with surveillance and would be able to gain an insight into their lives this would also help maintain sales and would gratify the audience. In FHM there is a main dominant stereotype about men, those there appearances and attitudes are masculine and FHM is very forward with this idea, they show men doing exercise with good strong body’s and the images they use are masculine portraying this dominate stereotype, the aspirers and reformers of the audience will act on FHM’s ideas of a man’s masculinity and will aspire to be there idea of a new man therefore making the consumers continually buy this magazine each month. We can analytically investigate FHM by using the Pluralist model. The pluralist model argues that there is diversity in society and therefore there is also choice, because the audience is diverse with different views the media is influenced by society because the media need to please the audience they will try and reflect the values and beliefs that are predominant in society. So FHM reflects the predominant masculine man and try to portray a typical man’s lifestyle, FHM stereotypes men to be very masculine, good in bed, happy in relationships, witty, considerate and skilled at all things. FHM shows these things in their magazines to captivate the audience and show them what they want to see, according to previous sales figures FHM seem to be doing this and have been maintaining it and therefore gaining revenue as well as pleasing the audience. How to cite In an era where magazines are failing, how does FHM maintain its audience?, Papers

Multiple Intelligences Essay Example For Students

Multiple Intelligences Essay The article that is to be reviewed is Identification of giftedness inculturally diverse groups by Wilma Vialle in Gifted EducationInternational, 1999, Vol 13, pp 250 -257. In this article Vialle (1999)recognises the under representation of disadvantaged students in educationallygifted programs. Vialle identifies the disadvantaged students as being childrenfrom non-English-speaking backgrounds, indigenous children andeconomically disadvantaged children (Vialle, 1999, p250). Vialle suggeststhe cause of this under representation of disadvantaged students lies in thelinear model approach ..whereby a narrow set of identificationprocedures? usually an IQ test? is used to identify gifted students who arethen placed in a program that may or may not be specifically designed to meettheir intellectual strengths. (Vialle, 1999, pp. 251-252). Viallesperceived resolution to neutralise these disadvantages occurring in theidentification of giftedness is to use an identifying procedure that shifts fr omthe more traditional approach of mainly IQ testing to a more diverse,multi-facet approach that supports the use of Howard Gardners MultipleIntelligences Theory. Gardners Multiple Intelligence Theory opposestraditional methods that view intelligence as unitary, and perceivesintelligence to contain seven distinct domains. These domains include and can bedefined as follows: Linguistic Intelligence is the ability to use language toexcite, please, convince, stimulate or convey information; Logical-mathematicalIntelligence is the ability to explore patterns, categories, and relationshipsby manipulating objects or symbols, and to experiment in a controlled orderlyway; Spatial Intelligence is the ability to perceive and mentally manipulate aform or object, and to perceive and create tension, balance, and composition ina visual or spatial display; Musical Intelligence is the ability to enjoy,perform, or compose a musical piece; Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is theability to use fine and gross motor skills in sports, the performing arts, orarts and craft production; Intrapersonal Intelligence is the ability to gainaccess to and understand ones inner feelings, dreams, and ideas; andInterpersonal Intelligence is the ability to get along and understand others. (Hatch ; Gardner, 1988, cited in Vialle 1999, pp.252-253). Using theseaspects for assessment criteria to identify giftedness in particular areas,instead of traditional measures is the key argument presented in this article. Several other authors have share the same view as Vialle when concerningdisadvantaged students, but offer different assessment procedures again. Inagreeing with Vialle, Bolig ; Day state that Traditional intelligencetestsspecify neither how, nor what, to teach to improve performance; theydiscriminate against minorities and individuals whose backgrounds are not middleand upper-middle class; they fail to address individual differences inmotivation, personality, and/or social competence.and they only assess onedimension of an individuals abilities, that of intellectualability.(Bolig ; Day, 1993, p. 110). Bolig ; Day then presenttheir method to identify gifted students in a non-discriminating manner thatconsists of the concept of dynamic assessment. Dynamic assessment includesstatic measures of ability as well as dynamic measures that consist oftests of ongoing learning that measure how easily the child acquiresnew knowledge and skills. (Bolig Day, p. 110). The idea presented seemsunder developed when compared to that of Vialle as collecting portfolios ofchildren work is done in many schools already, and the disadvantage has morepotential to occur when compared to using Gardners Multiple IntelligenceTheory. Multiple Intelligence Theory in identifying giftedness contains enoughscope to break some of the culturally diverse barriers sometimes experiencedbecause of the three underlying principles of Gardners Theory that arepluralisation, contextualisation and distribution.Pluralisation involvesthe recognition that intelligence is a complex, multi-faceted concept;contextualisation demands that intelligence be interpreted in the light of themilieu in which the individual functions; and finally, distribution involves theindividuals relationship with other resources and artefacts, particularly theways in such resources are used to support or enhance intelligent behaviour. .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 , .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .postImageUrl , .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 , .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:hover , .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:visited , .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:active { border:0!important; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:active , .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613 .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b66a4c231c86a9fccbc956eec060613:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Brief on Paul Czanne Essay(Gardner, 1994, cited in Vialle, 1999, p. 253). In using a multi-facetassessment procedure students from diverse backgrounds are able to show an arrayof skills in different areas of intelligence, and be recognised as containingsuch attributes, that were not traditionally thought about as being intelligenceuntil recently. There are still many differing opinions about intelligence andthere are limitations recognised in both models, traditional and contemporary. Berk (1997) in discussing Gardners Theory acknowledges the importance andconnotations for the field of Intelligence recognition, but also raises somelimitations and states that ..neurological support for the independence ofhis intelligences is weak. logical-mathematical ability, inparticular seems to be governed by many brain regions, not just one. (Berk,1997, p307). Berk (1997) also recognises that some current mental tests assesssome of the main intelligences identified by Gardner . Vialle in presentingMultiple Intelligence Theory realises and develops class room based activitiesand assessment practices that relate to the different intelligence typesidentified by Gardner. In presenting these activities and procedures Vialle isdisplaying her competence and usefulness of the suggested approach. MultipleIntelligence theory has several important implications for the class room as itcaters and provides for a large diversity and actually takes into considerationcultural background. This can be seen in his definition of intelligence, in that..intelligence refers to the human ability to solve problems or to makesomething that is valued in one or more cultures. (Checkley, September1997, The First Seven and the Eighth ). The importance is seen inwhat is deemed culturally important, and it needs to be recognised that what isdeemed as important in one culture might not be given the same significance inanother, therefore confusion can sometimes occur in determining what is and isnot important. It can be concluded from Vialle, that there is a significantunder representation of disadvantaged students in gifted programs throughoutAustralia and the United States. Vialle attributes this to the traditionalprocedures used in determining intelligence among students and the amount ofbiases contained by these tests towards the disadvantaged students. INpresenting Gardners Multiple Intelligence theory Vialle constructs andappropriate argument about the method that should be used to determineintelligence and supports this with relevant, real world class room activitiesand assessment procedures. These procedures allow intelligence to be recognisedas more than just cognitive competence and focus on real world skills that areused in everyday situations and contain little cultural biases. This articledevelops valuable insights into the relevance, implementation and assessment ofdiverse intelligence and states that ..talent identification can occur asa consequence of providing an engaging, varied and challenging environment inwhich students potentials are given the opportunity to emerge. (Vialle,1999, p. 253). BibliographyBerk, L. (1997) Child Development 4th Edition. Massachusetts: Allyn andBacon. Bolig, E. Day, J. (1993) Dynamic Assessment of Giftedness: ThePromise of Assessing Training Responsiveness. Roper Review, Vol. 16, No. 2. (1993) pp. 110- 113. Butcher, H. (1977). Human Intelligence its Nature andAssessment. London:Methuen ; Co Ltd. Checkley, K (1997, September)Educational Leadership Vol. 55, No. 1. . Available URL: http//:www.ascd.org/pubs/el/sept97/gardnerc.htmlEysenck, H (ed.) (1982) A Model for Intelligence. New York: Springer-Verlag. Gardner, H.(no date supplied) Intelligence in Seven Steps. . AvailableURL: http://www.newhorizons.org/crfut_gardner.html Hadaway, N. ;Marek-Schroer, M. (1992) Multidimensional Assessment Of The Gifted MinorityStudent. Roper Review. November/December, 1992, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp/ 73-77. Sternberg, R. (1986) Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence. Vol. 3. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Tyler-Wood, T. ; Carri,L. (1991) Identification of Gifted Children: The Effectiveness of VariousMeasures of Cognitive Ability. Roper Review, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1991, pp. 63- 64. .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 , .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .postImageUrl , .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 , .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:hover , .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:visited , .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:active { border:0!important; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:active , .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4 .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3aa30e6bcd9ab3090b71d68a75786ce4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Investigating environmental issues involving the Polaroid Company EssayVialle, W. (1999). Identification of giftedness in culturally diverse groups. Gifted Education International, 1999 Vol. 13, pp. 250 257. A B AcademicPublishers. Vialle, W. ; Perry, J. (1995) Nurturing Multiple Intelligencesin the Australian Classroom. Australia: Hawker Brownlow Education.